100 kWp Solar EPC | PDF & Excel

Reference configuration · 02 Nov 2026

100 kWp Solar: detailed estimate and schedule for factories and commercial buildings. Actual installed capacity is 100.48 kWp DC / 90 kW AC, comprising 157 LONGi Solar LR7-72HVH-640M modules and 3 Sungrow SG30CX-P2 inverters.

Three 30 kW inverters distribute power across AC branches. Check switchboard capacity, cable routes and control at the point of connection before finalising the design.

View and download the PDF / Excel estimate Request a site-specific option

100.48 kWpActual DC nameplate capacity

90 kWAC inverter capacity

605.84 m²Indicative roof area required

81Estimate item

How is the 100 kWp configuration calculated?

The 100 kWp name is a reference capacity class. Actual DC capacity is module count multiplied by the exact model’s STC rating; AC capacity is the sum of inverter ratings. This pre-survey example is not assigned to a particular address or customer.

Input parameters and scope
PV modules	157 × LONGi Solar LR7-72HVH-640M
Inverter	3 × Sungrow SG30CX-P2
DC/AC ratio	1.116
Electricity supply	3-phase
Mounting arrangement	Cliplock metal roof, roof-following mounting; verify structure and connections on site
Module area	424.09 m²
Assumed roof area	605.84 m²; depends on roof coverage and clearances
Operating model	Grid-connected self-consumption; battery storage not included
Outage backup	A designed and tested backup-supply branch is not included

Assumptions affecting quantities and design

Roof elevation: 10 m. Ground-to-roof elevation; where no value is entered, the defaults are 4 m for a house, 10 m for a factory and 0 m for a yard. These are not standard building heights or frame elevations. Wind loads and lifting requirements need separate calculations.
One-way DC route per string: 80 m. One-way route = roof elevation + horizontal run + roof run. Do not double it here; the two DC polarities are counted separately. Enter measured cable routes when available.
Roof coverage factor: 70%. 70% is a preliminary layout scenario. It does not replace a layout, fire-safety clearances or shading analysis.
Cold cell temperature: 0 °C. Confirm minimum cell temperature using site climate data and manufacturer instructions.
Hot cell temperature: 70 °C. 70 °C is a scenario value. Cell temperature requires a model covering irradiance, wind and mounting conditions.
AC-current allowance: 1.00 times. Use the manufacturer’s maximum AC current for Ib and follow its circuit-breaker instructions. Do not treat 1.25 as a universally mandatory IEC AC factor.
Anchor spacing: 1.20 m. Material allowance only. Confirm wind loading, roof zones, purlin and anchor capacity, spans and the rail arrangement.
Basic rail/clamp mass: 3 kg/m². Basic rails and clamps only; selected steel frames, reinforcement and bases are included separately in the weight check. Structural capacity has not been verified.
Productivity factor: 85%. Productivity assumption for estimating crew size and duration; adjust it to the site and installation team.

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Estimate QAC-SOL-EST-20261102-D8AA0A54 follows the QuangAnhcons form, with a watermark, detailed BOQ, commercial conditions, calculation annex and schedule. Download directly without entering an email address.

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Detailed 100 kWp estimate

Indicative total: VND 1,326,336,000

Unit selling prices and totals were exported from Solar estimator 8.21.0 on 02 Nov 2026 for this reference scope. VAT follows the estimate configuration. Transaction prices and taxes must be confirmed for the goods/services and contract date. This does not confirm that supplier purchase quotations remain valid.

On a phone, swipe horizontally within the table to see all columns: code, specification, unit, quantity, unit price and amount.

Configuration estimate – unit selling prices excluding VAT
Code	Item and specification	Unit	Quantity	Unit price (VND)	Amount (VND)
MAIN EQUIPMENT
1	LONGi Solar LR7-72HVH-640M photovoltaic module640 Wp · 2382x1134x30mm	module	157	2,831,738	444,582,866
2	Sungrow SG30CX-P2 grid-connected inverter30 kW AC · 400 V · 3-phase · 3 MPPT	set	3	41,319,254	123,957,762
3	Sungrow Logger1000A/B data logger – preliminary selectionSungrow · Data acquisition and monitoring. Export-control capability depends on the confirmed configuration.	set	1	22,016,099	22,016,099
4	RS485 shielded twisted-pair cable, 2 × 0.75 mm²	m	90	35,861	3,227,490
5	RJ45 Cat6 UTP Ethernet patch lead, 1.5 m	piece	2	95,246	190,492
139	Bidirectional power meter/transducer at the point of connectionBidirectional power measurement for control at the point of connection.	piece	1	7,208,142	7,208,142
140	PCC metering CT/VT scope – voltage level and diagram require confirmationMetering scope. Confirm the CT/VT configuration against the approved diagram.	lot	1	14,546,837	14,546,837
141	Export-control integration and response/loss-of-signal testingExport-limiting integration and interlock testing to the confirmed design.	lot	1	5,332,644	5,332,644
142	Network infrastructure, auxiliary power and monitoring enclosure – scope to be finalisedAdditional monitoring infrastructure depends on the actual layout. Configuration requires confirmation.	lot	1	4,790,918	4,790,918
MOUNTING STRUCTURE / ALUMINIUM MATERIALS
6	Standing-seam/cliplock roof clamps and fastening bolts	set	332	29,920	9,933,440
7	Extruded aluminium rail, 4.35 m longChiko	length	88	400,145	35,212,760
8	Aluminium rail splice with stainless-steel M8 bolts	set	70	23,831	1,668,170
9	Mid clamps for 30 mm module frames, including bolts, nuts and washersChiko	set	296	14,318	4,238,128
10	End clamps for 30 mm module frames, including bolts, nuts and washersChiko	set	36	14,290	514,440
11	Earthing clip for mid clampsChiko	set	296	14,318	4,238,128
12	Earthing conductor clamp with stainless-steel M8 boltChiko	set	18	29,771	535,878
14	DC cable clips suited to the outer diameter of 6 mm² PV cableChiko	set	314	2,978	935,092
DC CABLES / DC ACCESSORIES
17	Solar DC cable, 6 mm², 1500 VDC – blackLeader DC-6-BK · Single-core PV cable; 1 core; 1,500 VDC; UV-resistant.	m	720	30,330	21,837,600
18	Solar DC cable, 6 mm², 1500 VDC – redLeader DC-6-RD · Single-core PV cable; 1 core; 1,500 VDC; UV-resistant.	m	720	30,330	21,837,600
19	DC connector pair matching the equipment manufacturer’s brand/seriesLeader · Connectors from a matching brand/series compatible with the equipment.	pair	18	38,903	700,254
20	Outdoor DC protective conduit – diameter and material to be selectedCVL	m	144	13,346	1,921,824
21	DC protective-conduit connector – to match conduit diameterCVL	set	18	8,890	160,020
22	Black UV-resistant cable ties, 5 × 200, pack of 500KST	pack	1	66,669	66,669
23	Black UV-resistant cable ties, 5 × 300, pack of 250KST	pack	2	66,671	133,342
AC SWITCHBOARDS / MSB BLOCKS / ACBs / MCCBs
26	Solar enclosure – IP rating, Form and dimensions to be confirmedEnclosure only; circuit breakers and busbars are listed separately.	piece	1	9,013,135	9,013,135
27	Copper busbars, fabrication, N/PE supports and accessoriesCopper busbars, fabrication, supports and N/PE accessories.	assembly	1	4,581,878	4,581,878
28	Control fuses, 3 × 5 A, with holders	Set of 3	1	133,366	133,366
29	R-Y-B phase indicator lamps	piece	3	50,012	150,036
30	AC collector-panel multifunction meter with kWh function – model to be confirmedSelec · Operational metering at the AC switchboard; it does not replace the control meter at the PCC.	piece	1	3,912,670	3,912,670
32	Solar MSB metering CT, 200/5 A, class 0.5SOmega CT-200/5A class 0.5S	piece	3	389,602	1,168,806
33	Switchboard auxiliary-circuit protection – rated current to be selectedOmega	piece	1	1,001,572	1,001,572
34	Switchboard temperature sensor	piece	1	556,041	556,041
35	Switchboard ventilation fan	piece	2	1,338,925	2,677,850
36	AC SPD – Type, Uc, Up, In/Imax and coordination to be confirmedHimel	set	1	3,912,670	3,912,670
37	Solar MSB main MCCB, 400 VAC, 160 AMitsubishi NF250-HV 3P 160A · Icu/Ics must suit the prospective short-circuit current at the installation point.	piece	1	6,753,571	6,753,571
38	Inverter-branch MCCB, 400 VAC, 63 AMitsubishi NF125-CV 3P 63A · Icu/Ics must suit the prospective short-circuit current at the installation point.	piece	3	2,430,581	7,291,743
LV AC CABLES / BUSDUCT / ACCESSORIES
39	Inverter cable, CXV 4C-16 mm² (3P+N, separate PE)CADIVI · Cu/XLPE/PVC · 0.6/1 kV	m	75	376,151	28,211,325
40	Main cable, CXV 1C-70 mm², 1 parallel runs per phase and neutralCADIVI · Cu/XLPE/PVC · 0.6/1 kV	m	140	351,873	49,262,220
41	Main PE cable, CXV 1C-35 mm², 0.6/1 kVCADIVI · Cu/XLPE/PVC · 0.6/1 kV	m	35	181,934	6,367,690
43	Copper cable lug, 70 mm² – main cableCU-LUG-70	piece	8	38,896	311,168
44	Cable-lug connection bolts – size to suit the equipment terminalsCadivi	set	8	22,225	177,800
45	Copper cable lug, 16 mm² – inverter phaseCU-LUG-16	piece	18	11,112	200,016
46	Copper cable lug, 16 mm² – inverter PECU-LUG-16	piece	6	11,112	66,672
47	70 mm² cable-lug insulating boot – redCadivi BOOT-70	piece	2	6,667	13,334
48	70 mm² cable-lug insulating boot – blueCadivi BOOT-70	piece	2	6,667	13,334
49	70 mm² cable-lug insulating boot – yellowCadivi BOOT-70	piece	2	6,667	13,334
50	Main neutral cable-lug insulating boot, 70 mm²Cadivi BOOT-70	piece	2	6,667	13,334
51	16 mm² cable-lug insulating boot – redCadivi BOOT-16	piece	6	6,669	40,014
52	16 mm² cable-lug insulating boot – blueCadivi BOOT-16	piece	6	6,667	40,002
53	16 mm² cable-lug insulating boot – yellowCadivi BOOT-16	piece	6	6,667	40,002
54	16 mm² cable-lug insulating boot – PE colourCadivi BOOT-16	piece	6	6,667	40,002
55	Inverter PE cable, 1C-16 mm² Cu/XLPE/PVC, 0.6/1 kVCADIVI · Cu/XLPE/PVC · 0.6/1 kV	m	75	85,985	6,448,875
56	AC cable protective conduit – diameter to suit cable size and fillCVL	m	24	50,036	1,200,864
57	AC protective-conduit connector – to match conduit diameterCVL	set	6	20,001	120,006
60	String labels and DC/AC warning labels	piece	48	5,001	240,048
61	DC/AC cable glands for inverters and switchboards	piece	25	50,038	1,250,950
63	Main-route copper PE cable lugs and insulating boots, 35 mm²MAIN-PE-LUG-BOOT-35	piece	2	21,390	42,780
134	Copper inverter-neutral cable lug, 16 mm²CU-LUG-16	piece	6	11,112	66,672
135	Inverter neutral cable-lug insulating boot, 16 mm²BOOT-N-16	piece	6	6,667	40,002
CABLE TRAYS / LADDERS / WALKWAYS
64	Cable tray, 100 × 50 × 1.5 mm, including cover, connectors and bolts	m	34.8	215,401	7,495,955
65	Galvanised cable tray, 200x75x1.5 mm, including cover and connectors	m	14.5	430,430	6,241,235
66	Galvanised cable tray, 400x75x1.5 mm, including cover and connectors	m	8.7	777,445	6,763,772
67	AC cable-tray/ladder route – dimensions pending cable arrangement	m	110	819,779	90,175,690
78	Self-drilling screws with umbrella nuts, 2.5 cm long, fixing platforms and trays to aluminium rails	con	360	1,787	643,320
79	Walkway/access platform, 360 mm wide, 1.5 mm galvanised steel	m	60	547,732	32,863,920
81	Cable-tray supports, threaded rods and purlin clamps	set	86	144,082	12,391,052
84	Walkway/platform supports	set	41	101,483	4,160,803
85	Walkway/platform splices and connection accessories	set	24	77,481	1,859,544
144	Additional cable-tray/ladder accessories pending route take-offAccessories follow the actual routes. Confirm the detailed list.	lot	1	10,209,381	10,209,381
EARTHING
143	Additional earthing/equipotential-bonding scope pending survey and designIndicative scope. Earthing quantities and the solution require confirmation after the survey.	lot	1	4,051,281	4,051,281
LABOUR AND INSTALLATION EQUIPMENT
111	Labour for frames, modules, access platforms, cable trays and mechanical structures	person-hour	319	110,279	35,179,001
112	Labour for cable installation, electrical terminations and earthing	person-hour	130	120,801	15,704,130
113	Roof lifting equipment	shift	1	7,562,932	7,562,932
114	Freight and delivery	trip	1	6,293,703	6,293,703
136	Site technical management and supervisionQuangAnhcons	engineer-day	23	1,557,898	35,831,654
137	Safety supervision for work at heightQuangAnhcons	person-day	23	1,091,550	25,105,650
138	Mobilisation, site organisation and clearanceQuangAnhcons	visit	1	6,864,427	6,864,427
DOCUMENTATION / REGULATORY WORK / TESTING
115	Review of input documents, Solar project procedures and connection checklistEPC scope as listed. Third-party inspection/review fees are confirmed separately.	engineer-hour	10	313,278	3,132,780
116	Roof-structure survey/document review and coordination of existing-condition images/layoutsEPC scope as listed. Third-party inspection/review fees are confirmed separately.	engineer-hour	32	314,991	10,079,712
117	Preliminary engineering/SLD/layout, installation method, occupational safety and QA/QCEPC scope as listed. Third-party inspection/review fees are confirmed separately.	engineer-hour	29	314,757	9,127,953
118	Testing, commissioning, internal acceptance and as-built/handover documentationEPC scope as listed. Third-party inspection/review fees are confirmed separately.	engineer-hour	32	276,929	8,861,728
Total before VAT					1,205,760,000
Provisional VAT 10%					120,576,000
Total including VAT					1,326,336,000

Scope: Cliplock metal roofing, 3-phase supply. Base pricing includes modules, grid-connected inverters, ordinary module rails/clamps/feet and the listed materials and installation, assuming the existing structure is suitable. Elevated frames, foundations, reinforcement, BESS and a new substation are included only when selected and priced separately.

Items requiring confirmation/outside scope: Only priced items are included. Structural assessment, approved design documents, grid-connection approval, construction/land procedures and any additional fire-protection systems must be defined for the individual project.

Preliminary quantities and unit prices for the selected scope, using the supplied parameters. Confirm layout, quantities, specifications and prices after the survey.

Formulas, substituted values and results

The calculations below use the configuration in the estimate. Checks with missing inputs are identified for completion during the survey. Preliminary results do not replace an approved design.

1. DC capacity

FormulaP_DC = N_mod × P_STC1000

Substitution for this configuration157 × 6401000

Result100.48 kWp

Datasheet module

2. Nominal AC capacity

FormulaP_AC = N_inv × P_AC,unit

Substitution for this configuration3 × 30

Result90 kW

Inverter datasheet. This is not kWh generation or the actual output at every moment.

3. DC/AC ratio

Formular_DC/AC = P_DCP_AC

Substitution for this configuration100.4890

Result1.1164 times

Target 1.25; clipping simulation required

4. Module area

FormulaA_PV = N_mod × l × b

Substitution for this configuration157 × 2.382 × 1.134

Result424.0865 m²

Dimensions for the exact model

5. Module mass

FormulaM_PV = N_mod × m_mod

Substitution for this configuration157 × 28.5

Result4474.5 kg

Datasheet weight; excludes people, stored materials, wind, water and mounting frames

6. PV dead load over the module area

Formulaq_PV = (M_PV + M_rail + M_steel + V_foundation × 2400) × g1000 × A_PV

Substitution for this configuration(4474.5 + 1272.259548 + 0 + 0 × 2400) × 9.806651000 × 424.086516

Result0.1329 kPa

Preliminary mass includes the selected steel/frame and bases; concrete density is assumed at 2,400 kg/m³. An average load does not replace concentrated anchor/foot loads, wind loads or roof/foundation structural verification.

View all 34 calculations and items awaiting data

7. Ponding load

Formulaq_w = h_mm × 0.00980665

Substitution for this configurationPonding depth has not been entered. Do not treat 0 as a verified load.

ResultAwaiting survey/design data

Illustrative additional load; 0 means not entered, not confirmation that the risk is absent

Ponding depth has not been entered. Do not treat 0 as a verified load.

8. Rainwater drainage

FormulaQ_rain = C × i × A_roof3600

Substitution for this configurationDesign rainfall intensity i is missing. Confirm the catchment area.

ResultAwaiting survey/design data

Flow continuity. Confirm rainfall intensity, catchment area, slope and drainage cross-section.

Design rainfall intensity i is missing. Confirm the catchment area.

9. Outlet count for the entered drainage capacity

FormulaN_outlet = ⌈Q_rainq_outlet⌉

Substitution for this configurationRainwater flow Q or the confirmed capacity of each outlet is missing.

ResultAwaiting survey/design data

Not calculated without rainfall intensity i and outlet capacity q.

Rainwater flow Q or the confirmed capacity of each outlet is missing.

10. Water per cleaning cycle

FormulaV_w = A_PV × v_w

Substitution for this configuration424.086516 × 2

Result848.173 L

Entered operating allowance; it does not automatically change the water-system material scope

11. Cleaning-water flow rate

FormulaQ_w = V_w1000 × t_h

Substitution for this configuration848.1730321000 × 4

Result0.212 m³/h

Pump head = elevation + losses + nozzle pressure. Flow alone does not select the pump.

12. Cold-string Voc

FormulaU_oc,cold = N_max × U_oc × [1 + |β_Voc| × (25 − T_min)] × 1.03

Substitution for this configuration18 × 53.7 × [1 + 0.002 × (25 − 0)] × 1.03

Result1045.3779 V

Inverter limit; the 3% reserve is a design assumption

13. Hot-string Vmp

FormulaU_mp,hot = N_min × U_mp × [1 + β_Vmp × (T_max − 25)]

Substitution for this configuration17 × 44.36 × [1 + (-0.0034) × (70 − 25)]

Result638.7396 V

Provisional Vmp coefficient −0.34%/°C; manufacturer confirmation required

14. DC cable length per polarity

FormulaL_DC,+ = L_DC,− = N_str × L_avg

Substitution for this configuration9 × 80

Result720 m

Measured or assumed route: 80 m

15. DC voltage drop

FormulaΔu_DC = 2 × I_mp × ρ × LS × U_mp,hot × 100%

Substitution for this configuration2 × 14.43 × 0.0225 × 806 × 638.73964 × 100%

Result1.3555 %

STC Imp, rho=22.5 Ω·mm²/km and hot-string Vmp. Check bifacial current, Iz and connectors against manufacturer requirements.

16. AC branch – Iz

FormulaI_z = I_z,tab × k_T × k_g × n_parallel

Substitution for this configuration94 × 0.91 × 0.8 × 1

Result68.432 A

Cu XLPE reference ampacity for installation methods C/F with 3 loaded conductors. Confirm cable arrangement and neutral loading.

17. AC branch – voltage drop

FormulaΔu_AC ≈ √3 × I_b × ρ × LS × n_parallel × U_LL × 100%

Substitution for this configuration√3 × 50.2 × 0.0225 × 2516 × 1 × 400 × 100%

Result0.7642 %

Preliminary resistance-only calculation; it does not replace Rcosφ+Xsinφ or short-circuit checks

18. Main AC route – Iz

FormulaI_z = I_z,tab × k_T × k_g × n_parallel

Substitution for this configuration229 × 0.91 × 0.8 × 1

Result166.712 A

Cu XLPE reference ampacity for installation methods C/F with 3 loaded conductors. Confirm cable arrangement and neutral loading.

19. Main AC route – voltage drop

FormulaΔu_AC ≈ √3 × I_b × ρ × LS × n_parallel × U_LL × 100%

Substitution for this configuration√3 × 150.6 × 0.0225 × 3570 × 1 × 400 × 100%

Result0.7336 %

Preliminary resistance-only calculation; it does not replace Rcosφ+Xsinφ or short-circuit checks

20. Installation-phase person-hours

FormulaH_install = H_base,mount + H_structure + H_BESS + H_TX

Substitution for this configuration319 + 0 + 0 + 0

Result319 person-hours

Includes base installation labour and selected additional work. These are person-hours, not elapsed hours.

The terms represent base labour, additional structural work, BESS and substation work within the selected scope. Person-hours are different from elapsed hours.

21. Electrical person-hours

FormulaH = ⌈H_baseη_labor⌉

Substitution for this configuration⌈1100.85⌉

Result130 person-hours

Cables, connectors, inverters, switchboards and earthing

22. Installation-phase working days

FormulaD_install = ⌈H_installN_crew × h_day⌉

Substitution for this configuration⌈3196 × 8⌉

Result7 working days

Additional installation person-hours are included. Confirm the actual sequence and crews.

23. Electrical working days

FormulaD_elec = ⌈H_elecN_elec × h_day⌉

Substitution for this configuration⌈1302 × 8⌉

Result9 working days

Electrical crew of 2

24. AC overload protection

FormulaI_b ≤ I_n ≤ I_z; I₂ ≤ 1.45 × I_z

Substitution for this configurationInsufficient data for substitution: I₂, circuit-breaker characteristics and individual circuit checks are missing. This relationship alone does not establish compliance.

ResultAwaiting survey/design data

Protection-selection relationships. Check IEC 60364, circuit-breaker characteristics and manufacturer instructions. The calculator has not verified I2, disconnection times, Icu/Ics or selectivity.

Insufficient data for substitution: I₂, circuit-breaker characteristics and individual circuit checks are missing. This relationship alone does not establish compliance.

25. PE thermal withstand

FormulaS_PE ≥ √(I_fault² × t)k

Substitution for this configurationValues cannot yet be substituted: fault current I, clearing time t and the material/insulation factor k are required.

ResultAwaiting survey/design data

Adiabatic method within its applicable scope. Fault current, clearing time and the correct material/insulation factor k are required. There are insufficient data for a conclusion.

Values cannot yet be substituted: fault current I, clearing time t and the material/insulation factor k are required.

26. Logger count by control domain

FormulaL_d = min {L ∈ ℕ, L ≥ 1 : N_dev,d + c(L − 1) ≤ 30L}; N_logger = ∑ L_d

Substitution for this configuration4 + 1 × (1 − 1) ≤ 30 × 1; N_logger = 1

Result1 units

Manufacturer limit of 30 devices. Allowance for downstream loggers is a topology assumption. Cascading, response time and the actual number of switchboards/PCCs are not confirmed.

27. Module upper-edge elevation above ground

FormulaH_top = H_roof + c + l × sin θ

Substitution for this configuration10 + 0.2 + 2.382 × sin(10°)

Result10.61 m

The entered roof elevation is at the lower module-row edge; one portrait module is assumed. Do not infer total building height from floor count.

28. Frame and reinforcement steel mass

FormulaM_added = M_frame + M_{reinforcement}

Substitution for this configuration0 + 0

Result0 kg

Sum the selected steel items without counting the base rails/clamps again. Allowances support budgeting only; structural drawings are required.

29. Base and foundation mass

FormulaM_foundation = V_foundation × ρ_concrete

Substitution for this configuration0 × 2400

Result0 kg

Concrete density 2,400 kg/m³. Volumes follow the allowance for each mounting arrangement. Concentrated loads and ground conditions have not been checked.

30. Wind, anchor and structural-capacity checks

FormulaE_d ≤ R_d

Substitution for this configurationNot yet calculated. Wind loading, uplift, anchor reactions and load combinations are required to compare design action E with design resistance R.

ResultAwaiting survey/design data

Site coordinates, wind zone/terrain, height, roof dimensions, edge/corner zones, materials, purlins, connections and ground conditions are required. Structural capacity cannot be inferred from kg/m² alone.

Not yet calculated. Wind loading, uplift, anchor reactions and load combinations are required to compare design action E with design resistance R.

31. Horizontal projection of the modules

FormulaA_horizontal = A_PV × cos θ

Substitution for this configuration424.086516 × cos(10°)

Result417.64 m²

Geometric relationship only; it does not determine clearances, shading or generation.

32. Installation person-hours including additional scope

FormulaH_total = H_base,mount + H_base,elec + H_structure + H_BESS + H_TX

Substitution for this configuration319 + 130 + 0 + 0 + 0

Result449 person-hours

Selected structural, BESS and substation labour is included in the schedule. Its allocation to the installation phase is an allowance; the actual crews must be agreed.

The terms represent base labour, additional structural work, BESS and substation work within the selected scope. Person-hours are different from elapsed hours.

33. Module mass per module area

Formulam_A = M_PVA_PV

Substitution for this configuration4474.5424.086516

Result10.5509 kg/m²

Uses the data for the displayed option. Confirm actual dimensions and layout.

34. Ancillary area and clearances

FormulaA_access = max(0; A_roof − A_PV)

Substitution for this configurationmax(0; 605.84 − 424.086516)

Result181.7535 m²

Uses the data for the displayed option. Confirm actual dimensions and layout.

Indicative implementation schedule

58 working days for the baseline, including 23 days of site activities. Day 1 starts when scope and implementation conditions are agreed. These are working days, not calendar days.

Calendar: Monday-Saturday, Sundays off; public holidays and power-outage schedules are not deducted; 8 hours/day. Conservative FS relationships place mechanical work before electrical work. Phased work across roofs, multi-project resources and actual delivery delays are not modelled. Mobilisation/clearance labour is included in site organisation and is not allocated in detail.

Baseline schedule in relative working days
WBS	Task	Working days	Start	Finish	Predecessors (FS)	Planned resources
1	Survey, scope confirmation and roof data	2	Day 1	Day 2	—	2 people
2	Design, coordination and material approval	3	Day 3	Day 5	1	2 people
3	Awaiting grid-connection / owner confirmation	20	Day 6	Day 25	2	As defined in the scope/package
4	Procurement, fabrication and delivery	30	Day 6	Day 35	2	As defined in the scope/package
5	Mobilisation and site preparation	2	Day 36	Day 37	3, 4	As defined in the scope/package
6	Frames, modules, cable trays and walkways	7	Day 38	Day 44	5	6 people
7	Cable installation, terminations, switchboards and earthing	9	Day 45	Day 53	6	2 people
8	Testing, commissioning and acceptance	2	Day 54	Day 55	7	2 people
9	As-built records, handover and site clearance	3	Day 56	Day 58	8	As defined in the scope/package

Brown: tasks on the baseline critical path. Green: tasks with float. FS means the preceding task finishes before the next starts.

CPM follows the baseline finish-to-start relationships. Multi-project resource levelling and import into Microsoft Project have not been verified.

Generation and self-consumption simulation for the 100 kWp example

Supplementary simulation, separate from the Solar 8.21.0 estimate results. Illustrative Ho Chi Minh City coordinates (10.8231°N; 106.6297°E), not a completed project’s location. The model uses 8,760 hours of historical ERA5 weather for 2023 through PVGIS 5.3. Demand is assumed; these are not meter readings, a forecast or a guarantee.

Installed PV array 100.48 kWp DC; AC limit 90.00 kW. PVGIS model: generic crystalline silicon, tilt 10°, south-facing (aspect 0°), system loss 14% and assumed rear ventilation. This scenario has no BESS and no grid export. Surplus generation is curtailed and export revenue is 0.

Available PV141,245 kWh

Direct PV consumption124,617 kWh

PV self-consumption ratio88.2%

PV surplus to be curtailed16,628 kWh

Download assumptions283,488 kWh

Grid import energy158,871 kWh

PV supplies 44.0% of total scenario demand. Energy lost to the AC cap in these hourly averages is 0.00 kWh. A result of 0 does not exclude shorter-than-hourly peaks.

Monthly energy

Month (UTC)	Plane-of-array irradiance kWh/m²	Available PV kWh	Direct PV consumption kWh	Curtailed PV surplus kWh	Download assumptions kWh	Grid import kWh
T1	145.3	10,857	9,406	1,450	23,736	14,330
T2	171.8	12,660	10,878	1,782	21,792	10,914
T3	202.6	14,790	12,868	1,922	24,420	11,552
T4	181.4	13,330	11,411	1,919	22,860	11,449
T5	166.2	12,298	11,154	1,145	24,420	13,266
T6	142.4	10,645	9,577	1,068	23,544	13,967
T7	133.0	9,976	8,997	979	23,736	14,739
T8	164.8	12,426	11,096	1,330	24,420	13,324
T9	134.4	10,080	9,170	910	23,544	14,374
T10	150.2	11,162	9,814	1,348	23,736	13,922
T11	147.7	10,990	9,667	1,323	23,544	13,877
T12	162.5	12,031	10,578	1,453	23,736	13,158

Representative daily curve

The curve averages 365 samples for each Vietnam-time hour (UTC+7). Self-consumption is calculated hourly before averaging. Taking the minimum of two average curves is not a substitute for the 8,760-hour simulation.

Assumed demand used in the calculation

Illustrative industrial operation Monday-Saturday: 8.00 kW base load and 80.00 kW during main working hours. Sunday stays at base load. Public holidays and shutdowns are not modelled.

View all 24 assumed demand hours

Vietnam local time	Monday-Saturday (kW)	Sunday (kW)
00:00–01:00	8.000	8.000
01:00–02:00	8.000	8.000
02:00–03:00	8.000	8.000
03:00–04:00	8.000	8.000
04:00–05:00	8.000	8.000
05:00–06:00	8.000	8.000
06:00–07:00	8.000	8.000
07:00–08:00	30.000	8.000
08:00–09:00	80.000	8.000
09:00–10:00	80.000	8.000
10:00–11:00	80.000	8.000
11:00–12:00	80.000	8.000
12:00–13:00	55.000	8.000
13:00–14:00	80.000	8.000
14:00–15:00	80.000	8.000
15:00–16:00	80.000	8.000
16:00–17:00	80.000	8.000
17:00–18:00	40.000	8.000
18:00–19:00	15.000	8.000
19:00–20:00	8.000	8.000
20:00–21:00	8.000	8.000
21:00–22:00	8.000	8.000
22:00–23:00	8.000	8.000
23:00–24:00	8.000	8.000

These are not survey data, meter readings or mandatory allowances. Replace the assumed demand with actual data before assessing a customer’s project.

Simulation formulas, substituted values and results

Example using the hour with the highest available PV in the dataset: 2023-03-15T11:30:00+07:00 (mid-hour timestamp).

PV power before the AC limit	P_scaled,h = P_PVGIS,h / 1,000 × P_DC 741.51 / 1,000 × 100.48 74.5069 kW
Available PV after AC limiting	P_avail,h = min(P_scaled,h; P_AC) min(74.5069; 90.00) 74.5069 kW
Assumed demand in the example hour	P_load,h = P_nominal × m_h 100 × 0.80 80.0000 kW
Direct PV consumption	P_self,h = min(P_avail,h; P_load,h) min(74.5069; 80.0000) 74.5069 kW
PV surplus to be curtailed under zero export	P_curtail,h = max(P_avail,h − P_load,h; 0) max(74.5069 − 80.0000; 0) 0.0000 kW
Grid import power	P_grid,h = max(P_load,h − P_avail,h; 0) max(80.0000 − 74.5069; 0) 5.4931 kW
Available PV energy over the full 8,760-hour window	E_avail = Σ(P_avail,h × Δt), Δt = 1 hour Σ h=1…8,760 [100.48 × P_PVGIS,h/1,000, capped at 90.00 kW] × 1 hour 141245.35 kWh
PV self-consumption ratio	SCR = E_self / E_avail × 100% 124616.86 / 141245.35 × 100% 88.23%
Demand coverage by PV	SSR = E_self / E_load × 100% 124616.86 / 283488.00 × 100% 43.96%

Sources, scope and model limitations

Ho Chi Minh City is an illustrative location for comparison, not the address of a surveyed project or customer.
ERA5 weather for 2023 is historical gridded reanalysis; PV output is modelled. It is not meter data, a typical meteorological year, a future forecast or a generation guarantee.
PVGIS v5.3 is pinned for reproducibility. PVGIS 6 has update 19 Oct 2026; do not describe v5.3 as the latest API version.
crystSi is a generic crystalline-silicon technology model, not a set of curves calibrated specifically for the LONGi modules or Sungrow inverters in this estimate.
The 14% system loss is a PVGIS input already included in the exported power. Do not deduct another 14% or apply inverter efficiency for a second time.
The mountingplace=free setting assumes rear ventilation. The actual roof may run hotter. Nearby shading, seasonal soiling, downtime, individual degradation and each inverter’s MPPT/voltage/current limits are not modelled.
The AC limit is applied as a minimum against the estimate’s total nominal AC rating. Hourly averages may miss clipping or limit exceedances lasting less than one hour.
Self-consumption and surplus use assumed hourly demand. Replace this with at least 15-60-minute meter data to assess a specific customer’s site.
Scenario without BESS or grid export, assuming ideal curtailment control. Curtailed surplus is not saleable energy; surplus-sale revenue is 0. Actual zero-export or backup performance is not confirmed.
Monthly totals follow the source data’s UTC calendar months. Demand and daily charts use Vietnam time UTC+7. The full window is 01 Jan 2023 00:00-01 Jan 2024 00:00 UTC, corresponding to 01 Jan 2023 07:00-01 Jan 2024 07:00 in Vietnam.
The daily curve averages the same time slot over 365 days in the data window. It is not the curve for a specific sunny day. Self-consumption is calculated hourly before averaging.
This supplement does not calculate tariffs, savings, payback, interest or revenue from surplus electricity.

Source demand data downloaded 02 Nov 2026; SHA-256: a1955aa9013eedf69f2dd59272d8fde92bd98abe43259e211f2026fb2b74601f. Simulation version: qac-solar-energy-supplement/1.0.0.

View the PVGIS query used for 1 kWp

Download simulation data and assumptions (.zip)

Standards, regulations and actions for this configuration

The references were checked as of 02 Nov 2026. They include Decree 58/2025, as amended by Decree 243/2026, current electrical-safety regulations and fire-safety requirements for the building type. Applicable procedures depend on the connection diagram, responsible entity and operating mode; they cannot be inferred solely from the capacity label or inverter voltage. Selected standards and mandatory regulations have different scopes. This is a pre-survey reference configuration, not confirmation of compliance at a specific site.

References checked on 02 Nov 2026
Legislation/standard	Applicability to this estimate
Decree 58/2025/ND-CP, as amended by Decree 243/2026/ND-CP	Identify self-generation/self-consumption arrangements and procedures for the project, responsible entity and connection point.
Decree 243/2026/ND-CP	Surplus-electricity provisions and related amendments. This self-consumption estimate does not assume revenue from surplus sales.
QCVN 25:2025/BCT; Circular 41/2025/TT-BCT	Electrical safety. Check the actual work and operating scope.
Decree 105/2025/ND-CP, as amended by Decree 347/2026/ND-CP	Fire-safety duties depend on building type and alterations. Storage requires a separate assessment.
QCVN 06:2022/BXD and Amendment 1:2023	Fire safety for buildings and structures. Check the building type and the scope of alterations.
TCVN 7447-7-712:2019	Low-voltage PV electrical installations.
IEC 60364-7-712:2025	Check PV installation design against the selected edition.
IEC 62548-1:2023 + AMD1:2025	PV-array design, DC wiring, protection and earthing; it does not replace the complete BESS design.
TCVN 11855-1:2017	PV documentation, inspection and testing within the standard’s scope.
TCVN 2737:2023	Loading, wind and load combinations. Roofs, anchors and structures require a separate survey and calculation.

Before implementation, finalise the connection diagram, roof/anchor/wind checks, protection coordination, fire-safety scope and applicable notification/registration or other procedures. A list of standards alone does not certify that the configuration meets every requirement of a particular project.

Read the connection and surplus-electricity sale conditions.

Acceptance, warranty and operation

Handover documents should include the equipment configuration, as-built drawings, polarity and insulation checks, earthing results, protection/control tests, monitoring settings and operating instructions for the agreed scope. Test export limitation and loss-of-grid operation against the design. Systems with batteries also require BMS/EMS, protection, transfer and supplied-load checks.

Equipment warranty periods follow the exact models, documents and manufacturer policies at supply. Confirm installation warranty, maintenance, cleaning and fault-response arrangements in the contract. Do not apply one warranty period to every component.

Send roof information and survey requirements Recalculate using your parameters

Solar installation images

Workers installing photovoltaic modules on a metal roof, from the QuangAnhcons construction library — Installation images from the QuangAnhcons library illustrate the process. They are not acceptance photographs of the 100 kWp reference configuration on this page.

Module-installation video from a 5 MW project, presented in the QuangAnhcons video library; it illustrates installation work without attributing the recorded project’s capacity to this reference configuration.

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How is the 100 kWp configuration calculated?

Assumptions affecting quantities and design

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View the 100 kWp Solar EPC estimate PDF here

Detailed 100 kWp estimate

Formulas, substituted values and results

1. DC capacity

2. Nominal AC capacity

3. DC/AC ratio

4. Module area

5. Module mass

6. PV dead load over the module area

7. Ponding load

8. Rainwater drainage

9. Outlet count for the entered drainage capacity

10. Water per cleaning cycle

11. Cleaning-water flow rate

12. Cold-string Voc

13. Hot-string Vmp

14. DC cable length per polarity

15. DC voltage drop

16. AC branch – Iz

17. AC branch – voltage drop

18. Main AC route – Iz

19. Main AC route – voltage drop

20. Installation-phase person-hours

21. Electrical person-hours

22. Installation-phase working days

23. Electrical working days

24. AC overload protection

25. PE thermal withstand

26. Logger count by control domain

27. Module upper-edge elevation above ground

28. Frame and reinforcement steel mass

29. Base and foundation mass

30. Wind, anchor and structural-capacity checks

31. Horizontal projection of the modules

32. Installation person-hours including additional scope

33. Module mass per module area

34. Ancillary area and clearances

Indicative implementation schedule

Generation and self-consumption simulation for the 100 kWp example

Monthly energy

Representative daily curve

Assumed demand used in the calculation

Standards, regulations and actions for this configuration

Acceptance, warranty and operation

Solar installation images

Compare configurations and learn more

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